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Principles Of Drug Administration

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PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Drug Administration:

Drug administration is a unique practice that relies on selection of a safe and efficacious dosage regimen based on the individual physiology and the nature and formulation of the drug.
It is the responsibility of the clinician to ensure that the selected drug is efficacious with minimal toxicity or adverse reactions to the patient.
A basic understanding of the action, pharmacokinetics, drug Interactions and the effects of the drug on the body enables the clinician to optimize therapy while minimizing the risk of adverse drug effects.

Principles of Drug Administration

The primary role in drug Administration is to ensure that the prescribed medication is administered in a safe & effective manner. This Includes
Broad Knowledge & understanding about the Medication
Rights of Drug Administration
Effectiveness of the drug
Drug orders
Systems of Measurement

Broad Knowledge & understanding of the drug

What drug is ordered
Generic name & drug classification
Indication & uses of the drug & its effects on the body
Contraindications, Drug Interactions & Special considerations or precautions to be followed in drug administration
Adverse side-effects of the drug
Why the medication is administered for the particular client
How the drug is supplied from pharmacy & administered
What are the measures/ responsibilities to be followed in drug Administration?

10 Rights of Drug Administration:

Right Patient	• Check the name on the prescription and Identification band. • Ideally, use 2 or more patient identifiers and ask the patient to identify themselves.
Right Medication	• Check the name of the medication, brand names should be avoided. • Check the expiry date. • Check the prescription chart • Make sure medications, especially antibiotics, are reviewed regularly
Right Dose	• Check the prescription. • Confirm appropriateness of the dose • Calculate the dose of the drug correctly, if needed ask another nurse to help in calculating the dose
Right Route	• Check the order/ drug chart for appropriateness of the route prescribed. • Confirm that the patient can take or receive the medication by the ordered route
Right Time	• Check the frequency of the prescribed medication. • Double-check is administered in the correct time as prescribed. • Confirm when the last dose was given
Right Assessment	• Observe the client’s baseline data & identify the actual need of the drug • Check for contraindications, Drug Interactions & adverse side-effects
Right Information	• Inform the client why the drug is administered and make sure whether the client understands the purpose of drug Administration • Provide Information about side-effects and Instruct the client to contact a healthcare professional if they experience side-effects or reactions
Right Documentation	• Ensure that the prescription chart is signed for the medication after it has been administered. • Ensure the medication is charted correctly with a start and end date if appropriate
Respect Client rights	• Get consent from the client to administer medications. • Be aware that patients do have a right to accept & refuse Medication
Right Evaluation	• Monitor for the effectiveness of the drug • Review the medications regularly. • Perform ongoing Observations

Effectiveness of the Drug:

Whether the drug is administered as prescribed
Did the client follow the complete course of treatment
Factors that affected the drug Administration process or reasons for Non compliance to drug regimen
Any adverse or side-effects of the drug.

Drug Orders:

Health care providers must use only accepted abbreviations to communicate the type, route, frequency of drug Administration
A thorough client assessment & proper Judgment should be made based on the client’s condition as to when the medication should be administered

Systems of Measurement

The systems of measurement used in pharmacotherapy are metric, apothecary & house hold
Metric System is the most commonly used systems of measurement

S.No	Metric	Apothecary	Household
1.	1 ml	15 minims	15 drops
2.	4 ml	1 fluid dram	1teaspoon or 16 drops
3.	30 ml	1 ounce	2 table spoon
4.	250 ml	8 ounce or half pint	1 glass
5.	500 ml	1 pint	2 glasses
6.	1 liter	1 quart	4 glasses

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